Max Lempel
Max Lempel was born in Vienna, Austro-Hungarian Empire, in 1900 into an assimilated Jewish family. He studied at the Akademie für Musik und darstellende Kunst in Vienna and was a member of a Zionist youth movement in the city. He studied in Vienna and Prague with Alexander von Zemlinsky and collaborated with him as a conductor and organist. Upon his return to Vienna from Prague, he continued his career as a conductor of choirs and orchestras.